第215章 提剑强征(第3 / 5页)
“银子银子,归根到底其实还是银子的问题啊。”朱以海也只得一声叹息。
“王卿,你觉得今日孤与诸公的说的永不加赋,摊丁入亩如何?”
王之仁刚才没发表半点意见,但现在却很实在的道,“在臣看来,这新法不错,脱胎于一条鞭法,但又有所不同。虽然必然会触动不少士绅大夫们的利益,但如今局势下,也是没有办法的办法了。”
朱以海点头。
明初的税赋是以唐宋两税法为模版的,以里甲制度为赋役黄册的编制原则,然后再以黄册为依据,分为里甲役、徭役、杂泛三种,和夏秋两税田赋。
到后来明中期的一条鞭法,其实就是把明初以来分别征收的田赋和力役,包括甲役、徭役、杂役、力差等等,合并为一,总编为一条,并入田赋的夏秋两税一起征收。
并且,征银。
每一州县每年需要的力役,由官府从所收的税款中出钱来雇佣,不再无偿征发平民。
课征对象为田亩,纳税形式是以银折办,即所谓计亩征银。
跟明初相比,一条鞭法是化繁为简,把赋和役各自合为一条,甚至赋役合一。旧役法中的银差、力差,根据户、丁标准佥发,而新法徭役一律征银,取消力役,官府雇人代役,役银编派,亦由原先的户丁分担变为以丁和田地分担。
明初主要是征本色实物,而一条鞭法则除江南供应京师的漕粮征本色外,其余田赋一律征银。
明初以里甲为单位征赋派役,一条鞭后以州县为单位。
总体来说改变很大,但为何现在朱以海又提出这些相似内容,说到底还是当年一条鞭本来是把赋役合一,全都一条鞭征了。
可是呢,到了明末时,一条鞭之外,又有各种各样的役来了,又还有三饷等这样的加征,百姓的负担越搞越重。
而朱以海也不是要重新恢复到一条鞭的状态,他这个新法,最大的区别就在于过去条鞭的重大改革,是合并,是折银,但仍是田赋、丁银,
役折银,仍是以丁为单位征收的。
而朱以海新法最大的区别,就是同样有简化合一,但最终却不是按丁征收,而是折成丁银后,再摊入田亩,实际征收对象就从征人头税,变成征田亩税。
在一条鞭基础上,往前迈出了一小步,但却是跨越里程碑的一大步,是完全改变了征税的基础性质。
“所有徭役简化合一,折合每丁银数,再摊入每亩田赋之中,丁银、田赋合二为一,每年征收一次,统一折色征银,且固定下来。”
当所有的都简化后,就剩下了田赋一项了,丁银已经折入田亩中一起征,然后再加征个一成火耗就行了,再无任何科差劳役。
各个地方,若要干什么事情,不管是衙门里的差役,还是做什么工程,都是出钱雇佣。
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