第420章 换了人间之二：降官们（3）明 清衰亡之辩（下）（第2 / 3页）
最后，尼堪站了起来。
“朕的看法却与你等颇有不同”
圆润、厚重的声音立时回荡在房间里，所有的人都安静下来。
“按照我大夏曾在大明工部、户部任过职的孙秀节的说法，到崇祯帝登基之时，整个国家还有上亿的人口，上亿啊”
尼堪的声音隐隐有些激动，在他手里若是有上亿的人口，别的不说，整个新大陆全部占下来都不成问题。
“若说天灾人祸，可整个江南、湖广一带大致维持了平静，何况，自从张太岳变革之后，整个国库充盈，外面还有戚继光、李成梁这样的足以名垂青史的名将镇守疆域，何况，大明的税赋太半来自江南，直到目前，江南之地并没有大的天灾人祸”
“为何还崩坏至此？”
“以朕来看，任何事物，大到像抵御外患、平定流贼这样的大事，小到种地、打铁这样的日常小事，一旦出了问题，必须要抽丝剥茧，一层层掰扯明白”
“故此，明国败坏，表象是长江以北之地赤地千里，灾祸连连，但无论是流贼、旱灾，还是瘟疫，都逃不过一个字”
“何字？钱也，以朕来看，明国就亏在这个钱字上，国库空虚，导致缺兵缺饷，何以抵御外患？何以平定流寇？”
“同样，没有钱粮，何以赈济灾民？朝廷赈济不了彼等，彼等为生存计，自然跑到流寇那一边，导致流寇越做越大！”
“好了，这是第二层，现在问题来了，偌大一个国度，纵使某地遭了灾荒，总有其它好的地方接济，可大明并没有做到，依旧缺乏钱粮，何也？”
“这便要说到第三层了，以朕来看，那就是支撑国家的中坚力量，对于大明来说，那便是士大夫了，士大夫品德的整体坍塌才是根本原因！”
“按照规制，有了功名的读书人无须纳税或者少纳税，如此一来，不少农户便将田地卖给或寄到这些人的名下，按照孙秀节的说法，户部账册上的田地在当今皇帝之时实际上已经减少了大约一半左右，而需要缴纳的税赋却并没有减少”
“这些田地去向了何处？自然有荒芜的，不过大多数却流向了那些不纳税的官绅，田地减少一半，需要缴纳的赋税并没有减少，那这些税赋从何而来？自然全部加到尚没有背井离乡，尚在目前田地上苦苦挣扎的农户头上，于是乎，彼等之中又有不少人在忍无可忍之下铤而走险，或直接揭竿而起，或加入流寇队伍”
“当此时，深受国恩的这些士绅岂有不明白的，没有国家，没有历任皇帝的恩养，岂有彼等的荣华富贵？此时，按照圣贤的教诲，或捐献钱粮，或主动纳税才是扭转颓势的唯一正道”
“不过彼等却不，听说皇帝在朝堂上也实行过倡议捐输之举，可惜响着寥寥，非但如此，一旦涉及到与彼等纠缠甚深的商税、海运，彼等都无端阻挠”
“而在朝堂上，彼等非但不秉持一心为公，时刻报效君上之意，还以党争为要，往往在说一件正事，最后多半因为党争、个人恩怨转到他处，听说皇帝也是无可奈何”
“故此，大明的败坏，归根结底还要归到士绅头上！刚才姚恭也说了，士绅是大明的根本，是其他人等的榜样，榜样尚且如此，况呼小民？！”
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