敢用三千竹简向汉武帝要官:东方朔此人太了不起(第1 / 1页)
东方朔,本姓张,字曼倩,汉辞赋家。张曼倩,多女性化的名字!呵呵!
汉武帝,征四方士人。东方朔上书自荐,诏拜为郎。后侍郎、太中大夫等职。他性格诙谐,言词敏捷,滑稽多智,在武帝前谈笑乐,“然时观察颜色,言切谏”,有人称他为“智圣”。
武帝初年,征召天下贤良和有才之人。各地士人、儒生纷纷上书应聘。东方朔也给汉武帝上书,上书用了三千片竹简,两个人才扛得起,武帝读了二个月才读完。东方朔在竹简中说:“我东方朔少年时就失去了父母,依靠兄嫂的扶养长大成人。十三岁才读书,勤学刻苦,三个冬天读的文史书籍已够用了。十岁学击剑,十岁学《诗》,《书》,读了二十二万字。十岁学孙子兵法和战阵的摆布,懂得各种兵的用法,以作战时士兵进退的钲鼓。这方面的书也读了二十二万字,总四十四万字。如今我已二十二岁,身高尺三寸。双目炯炯有神,像亮的珠子,牙齿洁白整齐得像编排的贝壳,勇敢像孟责,敏捷像庆忌,廉俭像鲍叔,信义像尾生。我就是这样的人,够得上天子的大臣吧!臣朔冒了死罪,拜上奏告。”武帝读了东方朔自许自夸的推荐书,赞赏他的气概,令他待诏在车署中。
东方朔在中国历史上是智慧的化身,游戏人生的典范,他毛遂自荐当了汉武帝的太中大夫,却总感觉怀才不遇,不满汉武帝给他的待遇,声称“用之则为虎,不用则为鼠”,东方朔是非聪的一个人,他用他的聪把汉武帝哄得高兴得不得了,也把他不上的权臣玩得不个人样子。
在“伴君如伴虎”的朝堂上,东方朔尽地潇洒人生。古对隐士分了三级,曰:“小隐隐于野,中隐隐于市,大隐隐于朝”,东方朔人们称之为“大隐”、“智圣”,他死后说成了仙,在玉皇大帝的灵霄殿里也有一号,就是这鼎鼎大名的智圣,在婚姻观上大大有异于人,《史记》记载:“少妇于长中,好女,率妇一岁所弃去,妇。所赐钱财,尽索之于女子。”按大学王立群的释,说这东方朔娶妻有三条铁律:一是专娶长女子,二是专娶小女,三是一年一换。皇上赏给他的财物,他全部用来发旧女,迎娶新女。王立群评论说:其实,封社会的男人使妻妾成群,旁人也不能说一句不是。厌倦了可以在家里养着,没必要离婚。东方朔不同,他偏要爱一条生,来这个“场浪子”还是懂得怜香惜玉。
东方朔就是这样一个奇人,聪、古怪。
东方朔是怎死的:一奇人东方朔应该是病死的。东方朔前154-前93,字曼倩,平厌今陵县神头镇人。汉辞赋家。武帝,征四方士人,东方朔上书自荐,诏拜为郎。后侍郎、太中大夫等职。他性格诙谐,言词敏捷,滑稽多智,在武帝前谈笑乐,“然时观察颜色,言切谏”《汉书·东方朔传》。武帝好奢侈,起上林苑,东方朔言进谏,认为这是“民膏腴之地,上乏国家之用,下夺农桑之业,弃成功,就败事”《汉书·东方朔传》。他曾言政得失,陈农战国之计,武帝始终把他当俳优待,不得重用,于是写《答客难》、《非有生论》,以陈和发抒自己的不满。
东方朔有集2卷,久佚人张溥编有《东方太中集》,入《汉魏朝三家集》中。他幼年失去父母,由兄嫂抚养成人。东方朔从小聪慧灵敏,刻苦好学,到二十几岁时,已精《诗》、《书》、《易》孙子、吴起兵法,加以善剑术、富文才,能言善辩,深得乡里重。当时正值汉武帝大力加中央集权,开拓疆土,欲大宏图而广招贤良方策之际,于是东方朔上书自荐说“臣朔年22岁,身高尺,双目像悬挂的珠,牙齿像编排整齐的玉贝,勇猛比得上卫国勇士孟贲,敏捷不亚于王子庆忌,廉洁可与齐国大夫鲍叔比,信义超过信士尾生。。
我自信能够成为天子手下称职的大臣。”他这种毫不谦逊,锋芒毕露的言行,让汉武帝称奇不已,于是下旨召为车令理官上书皇帝征诏事宜。臣现年二十二岁,身高尺三寸,目若悬珠,亮如朗星,齿若编贝,勇赛孟贲,敏过庆忌,廉似鲍叔,信如尾生,凡种种,德才兼备,列为天子重臣不为过也。臣东方朔冒昧拜以达上听东方朔一生著述甚丰,写有《答客难》、《非有生论》、《封泰山》、《责和氏壁》、《试子诗》等,后人汇为《东方太中集》。
司马迁在《史记》中称他为“滑稽之雄”,晋人夏侯湛写有《东方朔画赞》,对东方朔的高风亮节以他的睿智诙谐,备加称颂,唐大书法家颜卿将文书写刻碑。碑至今仍存在陵县。
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